2nd Edition
Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Management and Case Studies
Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy: Management and Case Studies, Second Edition is a unique and succinct textbook for the classroom that blends clinical notes on assessment and management together with case-based instructional approaches to cardiopulmonary care for acute and ambulatory care patients. This one-of-a-kind text describes current approaches that cover traditional physical therapist management strategies and includes evidence-based chapters on early mobilization and exercise training on a wide range of cardiopulmonary patient groups.
The updated Second Edition presents twenty-four cases that were designed to complement each chapter topic and represent the most common pulmonary, cardiac, and neurological conditions that are typically managed in cardiopulmonary care. These cases have been carefully selected and developed over several years to illustrate a spectrum of clinical issues essential for the preparation of the entry-level therapist. The very interactive nature of the case history approach is engaging and provides the opportunity to work through many of the steps of the clinical decision-making process.
Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy: Management and Case Studies, Second Edition also includes answer guides for the questions posed in the assessment and management chapters, as well as for the twenty-four cases.
New in the Second Edition:
- Twenty-four carefully selected evidence-based cases designed to go “hand-in-hand” with chapter topics
- An international perspective that is relevant to physical therapy practice in several countries
- Detailed chapter on noninvasive ventilation and mechanical ventilation
- Several chapters describe early mobilization and exercise training for a range of cardiopulmonary patient groups including those admitted to an intensive care unit
- Faculty will benefit from the “Talk Me Through” PowerPoint slides, which provide a great opportunity for independent learning and complement classroom teaching
The two-fold evidence and case-based learning approach used by Dr. W. Darlene Reid, Frank Chung, and Dr. Kylie Hill allows for a more engaging experience. The inclusion of interactive materials will allow students to learn and develop skills to prepare themselves for their professional transition while clinicians can use the text as a reference tool.
Acknowledgments
About the Editors
Contributing Authors
Introduction
Abbreviations
SECTION ICARDIOPULMONARY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE RESPIRATORY AND CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS
Chapter 1Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems
Cristiane Yamabayashi, BSc(PT), PhD and W. Darlene Reid, BMR(PT), PhD
Chapter 2Respiratory Conditions
Patricia G. Camp, PhD, PT; W. Darlene Reid, BMR(PT), PhD;
Frank Chung, BSc(PT), MSc; and Kylie Hill, BSc(Physiotherapy), PhD
Chapter 3Cardiovascular Conditions
Frank Chung, BSc(PT), MSc and Lori Roy, BSc(PT)
Chapter 4Surgical Interventions
Frank Chung, BSc(PT), MSc and Lori Roy, BSc(PT)
Chapter 5Conditions That Can Compromise the Respiratory System
W. Darlene Reid, BMR(PT), PhD and Frank Chung, BSc(PT), MSc
CARDIOPULMONARY ASSESSMENT
Chapter 6Clinical Decision Making
Kylie Hill, BSc(Physiotherapy), PhD and W. Darlene Reid, BMR(PT), PhD
Chapter 7Chart Review and Patient Interview
Kylie Hill, BSc(Physiotherapy), PhD and W. Darlene Reid, BMR(PT), PhD
Chapter 8Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation
W. Darlene Reid, BMR(PT), PhD and Frank Chung, BSc(PT), MSc
Chapter 9Chest Imaging
W. Darlene Reid, BMR(PT), PhD
Chapter 10Pulmonary Function Testing
W. Darlene Reid, BMR(PT), PhD
Chapter 11Laboratory Investigations
Frank Chung, BSc(PT), MSc
Chapter 12Electrocardiogram Interpretation
Sandy Gilmour, BSc, RN and W. Darlene Reid, BMR(PT), PhD
Chapter 13Physical Examination187
Kylie Hill, BSc(Physiotherapy), PhD; Frank Chung, BSc(PT), MSc;
Lori Roy, BSc(PT); and W. Darlene Reid, BMR(PT), PhD
Chapter 14Surface Anatomy and Auscultation
W. Darlene Reid, BMR(PT), PhD and Mireille Landry, BSc(PT), MSc
Chapter 15Screening and Exercise, Strength, and Functional Performance Tests
W. Darlene Reid, BMR(PT), PhD and Kylie Hill, BSc(Physiotherapy), PhD
Chapter 16Oxygen Therapy, Noninvasive Ventilation, and Mechanical Ventilation
Shane Patman, BAppSc(Physiotherapy), MSc, PhD and
Kylie Hill, BSc(Physiotherapy), PhD
CARDIOPULMONARY MANAGEMENT
Chapter 17Adult and Patient Education
Judy King, PhD, MHSc, BHSc(PT)
Chapter 18Breathing Strategies and Exercises
Kylie Hill, BSc(Physiotherapy), PhD; Frank Chung, BSc(PT), MSc;
and W. Darlene Reid, BMR(PT), PhD
Chapter 19Positioning
Kylie Hill, BSc(Physiotherapy), PhD; Frank Chung, BSc(PT), MSc;
and W. Darlene Reid, BMR(PT), PhD
Chapter 20Airway Clearance Techniques
Jamie Wood, BSc(Physiotherapy); Frank Chung, BSc(PT), MSc;
and Nola Cecins, BAppSc, MSc
Chapter 21Mobilization and Exercise for Hospitalized Patients
Megan Harrold, BSc(Physiotherapy); Frank Chung, BSc(PT), MSc;
and Kylie Hill, BSc(Physiotherapy), PhD
Chapter 22Exercise Training in Cardiac Rehabilitation
Mireille Landry, BSc(PT), MSc and Andrew Maiorana, BSc, MSc, PhD
Chapter 23Exercise Training in Pulmonary Rehabilitation
Sunita Mathur, BSc(PT), MSc, PhD and Dina Brooks, BSc(PT), MSc, PhD
SECTION IICARDIOPULMONARY CASES
Preamble to Cases
SURGICAL CONDITIONS
Case 1Atelectasis—Postoperatively in an Obese Patient—Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolus
Frank Chung, BSc(PT), MSc and Lori Roy, BSc(PT)
Case 2Metabolic Syndrome
Kylie Hill, BSc(Physiotherapy), PhD
Case 3Postoperative Laparotomy in an Older Patient
Simone Gruenig, BSc, MSc(PT) and W. Darlene Reid, BMR(PT), PhD
Case 4Postoperative Thoracotomy in a Smoker
Simone Gruenig, BSc, MSc(PT) and W. Darlene Reid, BMR(PT), PhD
Case 5Acute Myocardial Infarction—Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
Frank Chung, BSc(PT), MSc
Case 6Left-Sided Congestive Heart Failure—Pulmonary Edema
Frank Chung, BSc(PT), MSc and W. Darlene Reid, BMR(PT), PhD
Case 7Atelectasis—Postoperatively in an Older Patient—Hypotensive and Atrial Fibrillation
Frank Chung, BSc(PT), MSc
MEDICAL CONDITIONS
Case 8Aspiration Pneumonia and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Frank Chung, BSc(PT), MSc and Lori Roy, BSc(PT)
Case 9Elderly Patient With a Pleural Condition
Simone Gruenig, BSc, MSc(PT); Frank Chung, BSc(PT), MSc;
and W. Darlene Reid, BMR(PT), PhD
Case 10Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in the Intensive Care Unit
Frank Chung, BSc(PT), MSc and Lori Roy, BSc(PT)
TRAUMA
Case 11Chest Trauma—Pneumothorax/Fractured Ribs3
Frank Chung, BSc(PT), MSc; Kylie Hill, BSc(Physiotherapy), PhD;
and W. Darlene Reid, BMR(PT), PhD
Case 12Acute Cervical Spinal Cord Injury
Kylie Hill, BSc(Physiotherapy)
CHRONIC RESPIRATORY CONDITIONS
Case 13Restrictive Lung Disease
W. Darlene Reid, BMR(PT), PhD and Frank Chung, BSc(PT), MSc
Case 14Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
W. Darlene Reid, BMR(PT), PhD; Frank Chung, BSc(PT), MSc;
and Kylie Hill, BSc(Physiotherapy), PhD
Case 15Cystic Fibrosis and Lung Transplant
W. Darlene Reid, BMR(PT), PhD and Sunita Mathur, BSc(PT), MSc, PhD
CHRONIC RESPIRATORY CONDITIONS WITH AN ACUTE EXACERBATION
Case 16Asthma—Acute Exacerbation
W. Darlene Reid, BMR(PT), PhD and Frank Chung, BSc(PT), MSc
Case 17Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
W. Darlene Reid, BMR(PT), PhD and Frank Chung, BSc(PT), MSc
CARDIAC CONDITIONS
Case 18Acute Myocardial Infarction—Good Recovery
Frank Chung, BSc(PT), MSc
Case 19Chronic Heart Failure—Post-Myocardial Infarction—Class III/IV
Frank Chung, BSc(PT), MSc
Case 20Chronic Heart Failure—Cardiomyopathy—Class I/II
Frank Chung, BSc(PT), MSc
Case 21Peripheral Vascular Disease
Frank Chung, BSc(PT), MSc and Lori Roy, BSc(PT)
Case 22Exercising Outpatient—Arrhythmia and Hypotension
W. Darlene Reid, BMR(PT), PhD
RESPIRATORY AND CARDIAC CONDITIONS
Case 23Lobar Pneumonia and Angina
Frank Chung, BSc(PT), MSc and W. Darlene Reid, BMR(PT), PhD
Case 24Pleural Effusion Complicated by Cardiac Effusion and Cardiac Tamponade
Frank Chung, BSc(PT), MSc and W. Darlene Reid, BMR(PT), PhD
SECTION IIIANSWER GUIDES
Answer Guides: Chapters
Answer Guides: Cases
Appendix: Summary of Common Laboratory Values and Clinical Implications
Financial Disclosures
Index
Biography
W. Darlene Reid, BMR(PT), PhD is a Professor in the Department of Physical Therapy at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. She earned her physical therapy degree from the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg, Manitoba in 1979. She went on to complete graduate studies in pathology at the University of British Columbia and obtained her PhD in 1988.
Dr. Reid performs graduate professional entry-level and graduate research teaching related to physical therapy respiratory care and muscle injury, and she supervises research by graduate and undergraduate students in the Rehabilitation Sciences, Kinesiology, and the Experimental Medicine programs at the University of British Columbia. Physical therapy teaching is focused on research design, exercise physiology, and physical therapy management of patients with cardiopulmonary conditions. Research graduate teaching is related to exercise physiology, advanced techniques in the management of cardiovascular and respiratory patients, and research design. In addition, Dr. Reid is involved in continuing education related to these areas.
Dr. Reid has held scholarship salary awards from the B.C. Health Research Foundation and the Killam Foundation. Her areas of research interests include muscle injury, muscle performance, and pulmonary rehabilitation. Clinically, she has specialized in physiotherapeutic treatment for patients with chronic pulmonary disease. Her clinical research has focused on the understanding of mechanisms contributing to poor muscle performance and noninvasive measures of muscle dysfunction in people with chronic disease.
Dr. Reid has published more than 90 peer-reviewed manuscripts in addition to abstracts, review papers, and chapters. She has been an invited speaker at a number of national and international conferences related to physical therapy, intensive care, and pulmonary medicine in Canada, the United States, Japan, Belgium, and Mexico.
Dr. Reid has served on several national and local committees related to cardiorespiratory physical therapy and research including the Cardiorespiratory Division Executive of the Canadian Physiotherapy Association, the Executive of the Canadian Physiotherapy Cardiorespiratory Society of Lung Association, and Co-chair of the Scientific Program for the Canadian Respiratory Conference. She is also Associate Editor of the Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal.
Frank Chung, BSc(PT), MSc graduated with a BSc (Physical Therapy) degree from McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada in 1981 and obtained an MSc degree in interdisciplinary studies (respiratory and exercise physiology) from the University of British Columbia in 1989.
He has taught at the School of Rehabilitation Sciences at the University of British Columbia, instructed postgraduate physical therapy courses, engaged in research and knowledge transfer, contributed as manuscript reviewer for Physiotherapy Canada, and published more than 20 papers in peer-reviewed journals in areas related to physical therapy practice. Frank was a member of the national examination test construction and implementation subcommittee of the Canadian Alliance of Physiotherapy Regulatory Boards. He is also an examiner of the Canadian Physical Therapy National Examination. He works as a physical therapist at Burnaby Hospital in British Columbia, Canada.
Kylie Hill, BSc(Physiotherapy), PhD is an Associate Professor at the School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University in Perth, Western Australia. She graduated from Curtin University with a BSc (Physiotherapy) degree in 1994 (with distinction). She has more than 10 years of clinical experience and has worked as a senior physiotherapist across 3 states in Australia. Her main areas of clinical experience include the management of patients admitted to the intensive care unit as well as following cardiothoracic and major abdominal surgery. In 2006, Dr. Hill completed a PhD (with commendation from the chancellor) in the area of pulmonary rehabilitation. In 2009, she completed 3.5 years of postdoctoral study at the University of Toronto, with Professor Dina Brooks and Roger Goldstein.
She is currently involved in teaching undergraduate and graduate entry master's physical therapy students at Curtin University. She is also heavily involved in the supervision of masters by research and doctoral students at Curtin University. She is a member of the Australian Physiotherapy Association and the European Respiratory Society and was the national convenor of the Physiotherapy Special Interest Group for the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand. She has presented at several national and international scientific meetings and has published more than 50 papers in peer-reviewed journals in areas related to physical therapy practice.