Crohn's Disease The Complete Guide to Medical Management

Acknowledgments

About the Editor and Associate Editor

Contributing Authors

Introduction

Prologue Historical Perspective of CrohnÆs Disease

Wojciech Blonski, MD, PhD; David Kotlyar, MD; Ming V. Lin, MD; and Gary R. Lichtenstein, MD, FACP, FACG, AGAF

Section I General

Chapter 1 The Natural History of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Pietro G. Andres, MD and Lawrence S. Friedman, MD

Chapter 2 Clinical Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Placebo Response in Clinical Trials

Chinyu Su, MD and James D. Lewis, MD, MSCE

Chapter 3 The Role of the FDA in Drug Development in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Alan C. Moss, MD and Adam Cheifetz, MD

Chapter 4 Utility of Animal Models for the Study and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Ashish Chawla, MD and Kenneth Simpson, BVM&S, PhD

Chapter 5 Pediatric Considerations in Medical Therapy in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Louis R. Ghanem, MD, PhD and Robert N. Baldassano, MD

Chapter 6 The Limitations of Applying Evidence-Based Medicine to Inflammatory Bowel Disease:

What We Do Not Learn From Clinical Trials

Joshua R. Korzenik, MD and Corey A. Siegel, MD

Chapter 7 Disease Modifiers in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Jaime A. Oviedo, MD and Francis A. Farraye, MD, MSc, FACP, FACG

Chapter 8 Fertility and Pregnancy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Jeffry A. Katz, MD and Vinita Elizabeth Jacob, MD

Chapter 9 Medication Adherence in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Sunanda Kane, MD, MSPH, FACG, FACP, AGAF

Section II Medications

Chapter 10 Mesalamine for Maintenance Therapy in Ulcerative Colitis: How Much, How Long?

Miles P. Sparrow, MD, MBBS, FRACP; Wee-Chian Lim, MD, MBBS, MMed, MRCP;

and Stephen B. Hanauer, MD

Chapter 11 Antibiotic Use in the Treatment of CrohnÆs Disease

Manuel Mendizabal, MD; Wojciech Blonski, MD, PhD; David Kotlyar, MD; and Gary R. Lichtenstein, MD, FACP, FACG, AGAF

Chapter 12 Corticosteroids in CrohnÆs Disease

Lene Riis, MD and Pia Munkholm, MD, DMSCi

Chapter 13 Oral Budesonide for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Gordon R. Greenberg, MD, FRCP(C)

Chapter 14 6-Mercaptopurine and Azathioprine in CrohnÆs Disease

Mark T. Osterman, MD and Gary R. Lichtenstein, MD, FACP, FACG, AGAF

Chapter 15 Methotrexate in the Treatment of CrohnÆs Disease

Ellen J. Scherl, MD, FACP, AGAF; Arun Swaminath, MD; Ryan Urquhart Warren, MD;

and Harrison Lakehomer, BA

Chapter 16 Calcineurin Inhibitors (Cyclosporine A, Tacrolimus, and Sirolimus) and Mycophenolate

Mofetil in CrohnÆs Disease

Gerassimos J. Mantzaris, MD, PhD, AGAF

Chapter 17 Infliximab in CrohnÆs Disease

Lawrence W. Comerford, MD and Stephen J. Bickston, MD, AGAF

Chapter 18 Anti-TNFa Therapy From Symptoms to Molecules:

Impact of Individual Variability on Anti-TNFa Optimization Strategies

Ellen J. Scherl, MD, FACP, AGAF

Chapter 19 Novel Biological Therapies for CrohnÆs Disease

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Biography

Gary R. Lichtenstein, MD,FACP, FACG, AGAF is the Director of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and a Professor of Medicine in the Gastrointestinal Division of the Department of Medicine at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Dr. Lichtenstein earned his medical degree from the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York, New York. He then completed his internship and residency in Internal Medicine at Duke University Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina. He also served a fellowship in Gastroenterology at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania of the University Of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. His current research interests encompass investigational therapies for the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Dr. Lichtenstein has received numerous research grants focusing on these areas and has served as the national/international principal investigator evaluating novel agents for therapeutic trials in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.

A Fellow of the American Gastroenterological Association, the American College of Physicians, and the American College of Gastroenterology, Dr. Lichtenstein has served as Medical Secretary for the American Board of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Section. He holds membership and committee positions in many professional societies at a national level, including the American Gastroenterological Association, where he has served as the vice-chair of the Clinical Practice Committee and Practice Economics Committee and where he has served as chair of the Clinical Practice Committee; the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, where he has served on the Committee on Training; and the American College of Gastroenterology, where he has served on the Education Committee, Programs Committee, and the Nominations Committee. He recently served as a member of the Research Committee. He has been the chair of the Abstract Review Committee for Inflammatory Bowel Disease for the American College of Gastroenterology. He is also a member of the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation of America, where he serves at the national level as the chair of the Membership Committee of the Clinical Research Alliance; he has served on the National Grants Review Committee and the National Physician Education Committee as well. Additionally, Dr. Lichtenstein is a longstanding member of the American College of Physicians and the American Medical Association.

Dr. Lichtenstein has received numerous awards. including the award for the top specialist in the University of Pennsylvania Health System—the Louis A. Duhring Award. He is the recipient of the Christina and Marie Lindback award, which is the top teaching award in the entire University of Pennsylvania. He has received Penn Pearls Award for medical school teaching. He has received the Donald B. Martin Teaching Award for the Department of Medicine Housestaff. He has received the Sidney Cohen Teaching Award for the Gastroenterology Division. He is listed in “The Best Doctors in America” for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and was listed among the Top Gastroenterologists for the Elderly in Philadelphia and Top Gastroenterologists in Philadelphia (Special Focus: Inflammatory Bowel Disease) by Philadelphia Magazine. He is the recipient of the CCFA Physician of the Year Award, Philadelphia and Delaware Valley Chapters.

In addition to having served on the Editorial Board of Gastroenterology, American Journal of Gastroenterology, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, World Journal of Gastroenterology,and Digestive Diseases and Sciences, Dr. Lichtenstein is the current section editor of Selected Summaries and the section editor of Print and Media Review in Gastroenterology. He has served as a reviewer for such journals as The New England Journal of Medicine, Gastroenterology, The Lancet, the Annals of Internal Medicine, Gut, Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, the American Journal of Gastroenterology, the World Journal of Gastroenterology and the Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. He is the executive editor of the newly indexed journal Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and serves as Associate Editor of Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology, The Physician and Sportsmedicine,and Clinical Investigation, and is currently Assistant Editor-in-Chief of the World Journal of Gastroenterology. An invited lecturer at the local, national, and international levels, Dr. Lichtenstein is the author or co-author of more than 250 peer-reviewed primary articles, chapters, letters, and editorials, and he has presented over 250 abstracts and edited 18 books. He has lectured at over 300 invited conferences, symposiums, and institutional grand rounds.

Ellen J. Scherl, MD, FACP, AGAF, is the Jill Roberts Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine and Director of The Jill Roberts Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease at Weill Medical College of Cornell University/New York-Presbyterian Hospital. She holds a bachelor’s degree in English from Barnard College, Columbia University, and a medical degree from New York Medical College. She is a fellow of the American College of Physicians and the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA), a member of the American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, and a past president of the New York Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (NYSGE). She is currently Vice President of the New York Academy of Gastroenterology.

Dr. Scherl is Chairperson of the New York Chapter of the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation of America and is involved in the New York Crohn’s Foundation. She received the 2008 AGA Outstanding Women in Science award and the 2006 NYSGE Florence Lefcourt Distinguished Service Award, and has been awarded by the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation of America. She is an American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Circle of Life Member and a member of the AGA Legacy Society. She is board certified in medicine and gastroenterology.

Dr. Scherl is an editorial reviewer for IBD Journal, Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Digestive Diseases and Sciences, and Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. She is co-author of the chapter “Crohn’s Disease of the Small Intestine” in Gastroenterology and Hepatology: The Comprehensive Visual Reference, associate editor of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Complete Guide to Medical Management, and coauthor of An Interactive Dialogue on IBD.  Dr. Scherl established the first IBD tissue bank in New York City at Weill Medical College of Cornell University/New York-Presbyterian Hospital. She has extensive experience as an investigator in clinical trials and is currently participating in national multicenter trials and in investigator-initiated trials focusing on ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.