Curbside Consultation in Pediatric Sleep Disorders 49 Clinical Questions

Dedication

Acknowledgments

About the Editor

Contributing Authors

Foreword by Carl Gartner, MDIntroduction

Section I The ABCs of Sleep Question 1 Why Do We Sleep and What Is Happening When Children Sleep?Aaron S. Chidekel, MD Question 2 What Are the Nuts and Bolts of Sleep and Its Regulation?Aaron S. Chidekel, MD Question 3 What Are the Different Stages of Sleep?Floyd Livingston, MD Question 4 What Changes in Breathing Are Associated With Normal Sleep?Ritu Grewal, MD Question 5 What Is a Circadian Rhythm?Floyd Livingston, MD Question 6 What Are the Different Kinds of Apnea?Floyd Livingston, MD Question 7 What Is a Parasomnia?Robert Heinle, MD Question 8 How Does Sleep Change From Infancy to Adulthood?Mohammad Cheema, MD and Aaron S. Chidekel, MD

Section II Unique Aspects of Sleep in Infancy Question 9 What Is Apnea of Prematurity and How Is It Treated?Jennifer L. Maher, DO and David A. Paul, MD Question 10 What Is Sudden Infant Death Syndrome?Aaron S. Chidekel, MD Question 11 What Are the Latest Recommendations for Safe Infant Sleep and the Prevention of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome?Jennifer A. Marriner, MSN, CPNP Question 12 What Is an Apparent Life-Threatening Event?Amy Renwick, MD Question 13 What, if Anything, Are Apnea Monitors Used for?Vanessa Shanks, MD and David A. Paul, MD

Section III Nonrespiratory Sleep Disorders of Infancy and Childhood Question 14 My Infant Just Won't Sleep. What Are Some Common Sleep Disorders Unique to Infants?Persephone Jones, MD, MPH and Rhonda Walter, MD Question 15 What Are Nightmares?Robert Heinle, MD Question 16 What Are Night Terrors?Robert Heinle, MD Question 17 What Is Behavioral Insomnia of Childhood?Jennifer L. Curran, PhD and Jennifer Shroff Pendley, PhD Question 18 What Are Some Pearls or Strategies to Manage or, Even Better, to Prevent Behavioral Sleep Disorders in Young Children?Meghan McAuliffe Lines, PhD and Cheyenne Hughes-Reid, PhD

Section IV Sleep Issues That Are Unique to Adolescents Question 19 Some of My Teenage Patients Are Staying Up Late and Then Having Difficulty Getting Up for School. Do They Have Insomnia?Johanna Carpenter, PhD and Kari Baber, PhD Question 20 Some of My Teenage Patients Complain of Being Tired All the Time. When Do I Need to Be Concerned?Christina Calamaro, PhD, CRNP Question 21 Is Sleep Deprivation Really That Big of a Problem in Adolescents?Holger Link, MD Question 22 How Big of a Problem Is Drowsy Driving in Teen Drivers?Holger Link, MD

Section V Neurological Sleep Disorders Question 23 What Is Narcolepsy and Do Children Actually Develop This Condition?Ritu Grewal, MD Question 24 What Is Restless Legs Syndrome and Do Children Actually Develop This Condition?Gabor Szuhay, MD Question 25 Do Seizures Occur During Sleep and How Commonly Does This Occur?Gabor Szuhay, MD Question 26 What Are Some of the Other More Common Neurological Problems That Can Influence Sleep?Gabor Szuhay, MD

Section VI Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Question 27 What Is Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome?Lynn A. D'Andrea, MD and Louella Amos, MD Question 28 Which Children Are at Increased Risk for Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome?Suzanne E. Beck, MD Question 29 How Is Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Diagnosed?Louella Amos, MD and Lynn A. D'Andrea, MD Question 30 What Are the Nonrespiratory Consequences of Obstructive Sleep Apnea?Holger Link, MD Question 31 What Are the Medical and Surgical Treatment Options for Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome?Lewis J. Kass, MD Question 32 Is CPAP Therapy Used in Children?Raj Padman, MD Question 33 How Do I Best Evaluate the Snoring Child?Ignacio E. Tapia, MD Question 34 What Are the Differences Between Pediatric and Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome?Rocio Zeballos-Chavez, MD and Lynn A. D'Andrea, MD

Section VII Sleep and Medical Conditions and Genetic Disorders Question 35 What Are Some of the More Common Genetic Syndromes That Are Associated With Sleep-Disordered Breathing?Vandna Passi, MD Question 36 What Are Some of the More Common Craniofacial Syndromes That Are Associated With Sleep-Disordered Breathing?Vandna Passi, MD Question 37 What Do I Need to Know About Sleep and Breathing in Children With Underlying Lung Diseases?Michael Blechner, MD and Anita Bhandari, MD Question 38 What Is the Impact of Obesity on Sleep?Ambika Shenoy, MD Question 39 What Is Known About the Relationship Between Sleep and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?Marianne C. San Antonio, DO and Rhonda Walter, MD Question 40 What Are Some of the Other Medical Conditions That Can Affect Sleep?Jennifer Shroff Pendley, PhD and Aaron S. Chidekel, MD Question 41 What Are the Effects of Neuropsychiatric Disorders on Sleep?Aaron S. Chidekel, MD Question 42 What Are the Effects of Medications on Sleep?Aaron S. Chidekel, MD Question 43 Are There Any Medical Treatments for Insomnia in Children and Adolescents?Aaron S. Chidekel, MD Question 44 What Is Melatonin and Is This an Effective Treatment for Insomnia?Aaron S. Chidekel, MD

Section VIII Sleep Evaluation and Testing Question 45 How Do I Screen for Sleep Problems in My Practice?Lewis J. Kass, MD Question 46 How Can I Promote Sleep Hygiene in My Practice?Jennifer A. Marriner, MSN, CPNP Question 47 What Is a Polysomnogram?Todd Burchard, BS, RPSGT, RST and Aaron S. Chidekel, MD Question 48 Which of My Patients Should Have a Polysomnogram?Aaron S. Chidekel, MD Question 49 What Other Tests Are Used to Diagnose Sleep Disorders?Todd Burchard, BS, RPSGT, RST and Aaron S. Chidekel, MDFinancial Disclosures

Biography

Aaron S. Chidekel, MD received his medical degree from Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. He completed his internship and residency in general pediatrics at Yale-New Haven Hospital in Connecticut. He completed fellowship training in pediatric respiratory medicine in the Section of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine at Yale University School of Medicine. After completing this training, Dr. Chidekel moved to Nemours at the Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children in Wilmington, Delaware, where he is currently the Chief of the Division of Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine. He directs a busy, accredited pediatric sleep medicine program at the Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children. Dr. Chidekel is an Associate Professor of Pediatrics at the Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He has authored numerous scientific papers and abstracts regarding various aspects of clinical and basic research related to pediatric pulmonary medicine. He has edited and contributed chapters to several textbooks and has served as a reviewer for many prestigious journals as well. He is a fellow in the American Academy of Pediatrics and has been active as an officer and board member of the Delaware Chapter, and he is a member of the American Thoracic Society and the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.