1st Edition
Distributed Control Applications Guidelines, Design Patterns, and Application Examples with the IEC 61499
Distributed Control Applications: Guidelines, Design Patterns, and Application Examples with the IEC 61499 discusses the IEC 61499 reference architecture for distributed and reconfigurable control and its adoption by industry. The book provides design patterns, application guidelines, and rules for designing distributed control applications based on the IEC 61499 reference model. Moreover, examples from various industrial domains and laboratory environments are introduced and explored.
IEC 61499 BASICS
Challenges and Demands for Distributed Automation in Industrial Environments
Thomas Strasser and Alois Zoitl
Trends in Industrial Automation
Requirements for Future Automation Architecture
Outlook
Basic Principles of IEC 61499 Reference Model
Thomas Strasser and Alois Zoitl
Introduction
IEC 61499 Reference Model
Main Differences between First and Second Editions
DESIGN GUIDELINES AND APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
Design Patterns, Frameworks, and Methodologies
James H. Christensen
Introduction, Motivation, and Overview
Distributed Application Methodology
Proxy Pattern
Layered Model/View/Controller/Diagnostics (MVCD) Pattern
Local Multicast Pattern
Tagged Data Pattern
Matrix Framework
Conclusions
Applying IEC 61499 Design Paradigms: Object-Oriented Programming, Component-Based Design, and Service-Oriented Architecture
Wenbin Dai, Valeriy Vyatkin, and James H. Christensen
Introduction
Essential Elements in IEC 61499 Function Block Designs
Applying Object-Oriented Programming Paradigm in IEC 61499 Function Blocks
Adoption of Component-Based Design Paradigm for IEC 61499 Function Blocks
Introducing New Service-Oriented Architecture Paradigm for IEC 61499 Function Blocks
Summaries of IEC 61499 Design Paradigms
Conclusions
New Design Patterns for Time-Predictable Execution of Function Blocks
Matthew M. Y. Kuo and Partha S. Roop
Introduction
Coding Guidelines for Time Predictability
Design Patterns
Requirement Qualification
Ordered Synchronous Design Pattern
Delayed Synchronous Design Pattern
Timing Analysis
Conclusion
Automatic Reengineering of IEC 61131-Based Control Applications into IEC 61499
Monika Wenger, Alois Zoitl, and Georg Schitter
Introduction
IEC 61131 versus IEC 61499
Related Work on Reengineering
Developed Reengineering Process
Proof of Concept
Conclusion
Unit Test Framework for IEC 61499 Function Blocks
Reinhard Hametner, Ingo Hegny, and Alois Zoitl
Introduction
Related Work
Requirements for IEC 61499 Unit Tests
Modeling Unit Tests According to IEC 61499
Resulting Test Framework
Application Examples
Conclusion and Future Work
Verifying IEC 61499 Applications
Petr Kadera and Pavel Vrba
Introduction
General Software Verification
Verification of IEC 61131-3
Dynamic Verification of IEC 61499
Static Verification of IEC 61499
Conclusion
Fault-Tolerant IEC 61499 Applications
Mario de Sousa
Introduction
Background
Replication in IEC 61499 Applications
Replication Framework on FORTE
Example of Replicated IEC 61499 Application
Quantifying System Reliability
Summary
Developing IEC 61499 Communication Service Interface Function Blocks in Distributed Control and Automation Applications
Georgios Sfiris and George Hassapis
Introduction
IEC 61499 Programming and Communication Semantics
Example of Distributed Application
UDP/IP and TCP/IP Communication Protocols in IEC 61499
Example of SCADA System
Modbus Communication Protocol in IEC 61499
Implementations of Other Communication Protocols in IEC 61499
Programming Example
Adapted Design Methodology to IEC 61499 for Distributed Control Applications of Machine Tools
Carlos Catalán, Alfonso Blesa, Félix Serna, and José Manuel Colom
Short Motivation
Introduction
Control Software for AMs: IEC 61499 Standard
Communicating Machine Tools with IEC 61499
COSME Platform Design Goals
COSME FB Model
COSME Platform Architecture
COSME Design Process
Implementation Issues
Conclusions
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION EXAMPLES
Flexible and Reusable Industrial Control Application
Gernot Kollegger and Arnold Kopitar
Introduction
Expectations to IEC 61499-based Automation Solutions
Requirements to IEC 61499-based Applications
Power of Attributes
CAT: Composite Automation Type
Process Control Application
Concept and Components of Process Control Libraries
Belt Conveyor Lines Application
Distributed Sequence Control Approach
Dosing and Reactor Application
Hardware Configuration and Monitoring Application
Conclusion
Building Automation Simply Done
Gernot Kollegger and Arnold Kopitar
Introduction
Building Control Application Requirements
Control Application
Conclusion
Control Software for Cutting Glass Machine Tool Built Using COSME Platform: Case Study
Félix Serna, Carlos Catalán, Alfonso Blesa, José Manuel Colom, and Josep Maria Rams
Introduction
IEC 61499-based Design versus Application Domain
Glass Machining Modelling
Implementation
Practical Issues and Conclusions
Distributed Intelligent Sensing and Control for Manufacturing Automation
Robert W. Brennan
Introduction
Related Work
DISCS Architecture
Function Block Implementation
Example: Mobile Object Tracking
Future Work
Model-Driven Design of Cardiac Pacemaker Using IEC 61499 Function Blocks
Yu Zhao and Partha S. Roop
Introduction
Pacing System in a Nutshell
Overview of Proposed Approach
Modeling Using IEC 61499 Function Blocks
High-Fidelity Model Creation
Response Time Analysis Using High-Fidelity Models
Conclusions
Smart Grid Application through Economic Dispatch Using IEC 61499
Srikrishnan Jagannathan and Peter Idowu
Introduction
Essential Concepts
Software Tools
Application Development
Co-Simulation between MATLAB and FBDK
Simulation Results, Conclusions, and Future Work
LABORATORY AUTOMATION EXAMPLES
Workspace Sharing Assembly Robots: Applying IEC 61499
Matthias Plasch, Gerhard Ebenhofer, Michael Hofmann, Martijn Rooker, Sharath Chandra Akkaladevi, and Andreas Pichler
Introduction
Related Work
Description of Robotic System
Development Approach
Resulting System Architecture
Summary and Conclusion
Hierarchically Structured Control Application for Pick and Place Station
Monika Wenger, Milan Vathoopan, Alois Zoitl, and Herbert Prähofer
Introduction
Principles for Hierarchical Structured Control Applications
Structure of Pick and Place Station
Hierarchical Control Application
Conclusion
Toward Batch Process Domain with IEC 61499
Wilfried Lepuschitz and Alois Zoitl
Introduction
ANSI/ISA-88 Batch Control
Approach 1: Hierarchical Structure Based on Automation Components
Approach 2: Implementation of S88 State Machine
Approach 3: Generic S88 Phases Structure and Conjunction with Industrial Batch Management System
Conclusion
Smart Grid Laboratory Automation Approach Using IEC 61499
Filip Andrén, Georg Lauss, Roland Bründlinger, Philipp Svec, Christian Seitl, and Thomas Strasser
Introduction and Motivation
Smart Grid Laboratories: Needs and Requirements
Brief Overview of SmartEST Lab Environment
IEC 61499-Based Laboratory Automation System
Summary and Conclusions
Biography
Alois Zoitl earned his master’s degree and PhD from the Vienna Institute of Technology. He currently leads the Industrial Automation Research Group at fortiss GmbH in Munich. Before that, he headed the Distributed Intelligent Automation Group (Odo Struger Laboratory) at the Vienna University of Technology’s Automation and Control Institute. Dr. Zoitl is an active lecturer at the Technical University Munich, co-author of 100+ publications, co-inventor on four patents, founding member of the 4DIAC and OpENer open-source initiatives, member of the IEEE and the PLC open user organization, consultant for CAN in Automation, and member/convenor of IEC SC65B/WG15 for the IEC 61499 distributed automation standard.
Thomas Strasser earned his master’s degree and PhD from the Vienna University of Technology. He is currently a senior scientist in the Energy Department of the AIT Austrian Institute of Technology. Before that, he spent more than six years as a senior researcher at PROFACTOR. Dr. Strasser is an active lecturer at the Vienna University of Technology, guest professor at the Salzburg University of Applied Sciences, co-author of 120+ publications, recipient of two patents, active participant in IEEE conferences, associate editor of Springer and IEEE journals, senior member of IEEE, founding member of the 4DIAC open source initiative, and involved in IEC SC65B/WG15, IEC TC65/WG17, and IEC SyC Smart Energy/WG6.
"… presents an interesting, pragmatic point of view of the use of the IEC 61499 standard for the design of distributed control applications, including examples ranging from industrial cases to laboratory automation case studies."
—Josu Jugo, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain"… intuitively understandable. I like the approach from basics, over design principles, to testing/verification/fault-tolerance, and finally concrete application examples. The real-world examples are highly inspiring and one could learn a lot from the discussed concrete steps and appropriate setups."
—Sebastian Lehnhoff, University of Oldenburg, Germany"… provides very thorough, encyclopedic coverage of the methodologies and application of the emerging function block standard IEC 61499. … The scope of topics being covered in this book is very impressive. … It can bring anyone working in the area quickly up to speed. … a useful reference."
—Robert Lewis, FIET fellow; C.Eng; engineering safety consultant, Atkins, Brighton, UK; and former UK expert on working groups developing IEC 61131 and IEC 61499"The main strength of the book is the broad coverage of the IEC 61499 standard and the involvement of so many experts as authors. … The content is well thought out and covers more than I've ever seen in a book on industrial programming. … easy to read … very comprehensive and instructive … will become a standard reference for IEC 61499."
—Josef K. Fritsche, Bachmann electronic GmbH, Feldkirch, Austria"This is probably the first book about the IEC 61499 standard that completely focuses on application development, gathering the experience of first-class scientists and engineers who developed and maintain the standard itself and apply it in very different domains. Industrial control application designers and developers, who already know the IEC 61499 basics, can find very useful design, development, test, verification, and reengineering guidelines. Descriptions of various industrial and laboratory applications provide practical examples of solutions based on the philosophy of this standard. A necessary guide in order to be up to date with the current state of the art regarding the usage of the IEC 61499 standard."
—Prof. Marco Colla, SUPSI – University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Manno"This book is a very good survey on current research on IEC 61499 and its application, and therefore a basic handbook for industrial engineers for their daily work with IEC 61499-based applications."
—Dr. Christoph Sünder, Thales Austria GmbH"... presents a comprehensive overview of IEC 61499 and its development so far. In contrast to other books concentrating on the standard itself, this work concentrates more on new supplementary approaches, such as design patterns or unit testing with function blocks. Considering the latest initiative Industry 4.0, this book presents many key enabling technologies, such as fault-tolerant and self-configuring systems using IEC 61499."
—Dr. Roman Froschauer, AlpinaTec GmbH, Austria