2nd Edition
Drug Interdiction Partnerships, Legal Principles, and Investigative Methodologies for Law Enforcement, Second Edition
As drug trafficking and the abuse of illicit drugs continue to inflict untold harm upon our society, it is clear that a global initiative and an intense domestic strategy are vital to address the sophisticated drug trafficking organizations (DTOs) that are prevalent in many regions. Covering a wide array of domestic interdiction topics, Drug Interdiction: Partnerships, Legal Principles, and Investigative Methodologies for Law Enforcement, Second Edition is the most comprehensive drug interdiction book available, providing a "how-to" step-by-step guide for all law enforcement officers.
Explores the gamut of interdiction scenarios
Drawing on their multiple years of experience, the authors explore a range of issues that confront today’s drug interdiction officer. The book explains how to initiate specific domestic drug interdiction programs and discusses how to use business partnerships to assist law enforcement in identifying potential violators who use legitimate businesses to facilitate the drug trade. It examines consensual encounters, the use of drug canines, and interdictions involving trains, buses, airports, and rental vehicles. Wide-ranging in scope, the text also covers interdictions at hotels and those involving storage units and parcel systems. The book includes a chapter on currency seizures as well as chapters on report writing, courtroom testimony, and the role of the interdiction supervisor. Each chapter includes relevant case law that supports the protocol described.
Reliable techniques, tested in the field
The techniques presented in this volume are tried and true methods, utilized by the authors as part of many years of successful narcotics investigations. The unbeatable methods are deeply rooted in case law to ensure proper execution of the practices described, and admissibility in court of the evidence seized.
What’s New in the Second Edition:
- Updated case law and case studies
- New information on trends, practices, and investigative techniques
- Every chapter updated
- New chapter on cloned vehicles
- 42 new photos, 12 new figures, increased content
Introduction to Drug Interdiction
The Consensual Encounter
Nonverbal Cues
Verbal Cues
Vocabulary and Phrasing
Related United States Supreme Court Case Law Supporting Consensual Encounters
Key Terms
"Knock and Talk" Technique
What Is a "Knock and Talk"?
The Use of Tip Programs and Processing
Reasons to Use a "Knock and Talk"
Why Do People Consent?
"Knock and Talk" as an Investigative Technique
What Happens During a "Knock and Talk"?
Use of a Drug Canine Team
Determination in Obtaining Consent
Consensual Search Inventory
Consent to Search Inventory Form
Inventory or Property and Articles Obtained During Consensual Search
Conclusion
Key Terms
Use of the Drug Canine in Drug Interdiction
Cost to Police Agency
Acquiring a Drug Dog
Selection of Dog Handlers
Training and Training Records
Standard Operating Procedures
Supervision Responsibilities
Use of Training Drugs
Other Factors
Currency Examinations
Person Examinations and Passive Alert Dogs
Courtroom Testimony
Conclusion
Case Law
Key Terms
Hotel/Motel Interdiction
What Is Hotel/Motel Interdiction?
Benefits to the Hotel/Motel Community
How Do We Get Started?
Selecting Hotels to Implement the Program
Contacting Hotel Management
Use of Agency Letterhead
Training of Hotel Management and Staff
Implementing the Program
Investigative Methodologies
Indicators of Possible Criminal Activity
Confidential
Indicators of Possible Criminal Activity
Areas of Concealment
Investigative Techniques
Conclusion
Case Law
Key Terms
Airport Investigations
Airport Police
Educating Your "Eyes and Ears"
Equipment and Material Needed
Characteristics or Indicators
Surveillance and Encounter Locations
Countersurveillance Activity
Approach and Encounter
Related Airport Case Law
Key Terms
Storage Unit Investigations
What Is Storage Facility Interdiction?
How Do We Get Started?
Implementation of the Program
Use of Agency Letterhead
Confidential
Storage Facility Investigations
Drug Canine Capabilities
Conclusion
Case Law
Key Terms
Train Interdiction
Officer Safety
Luggage
Amtrak’s Computer System
Amtrak Personnel
The Consensual Encounter on a Train
Conducting Encounters on the Train
Conclusion
Case Law
Key Terms
Commercial Bus Interdiction
Most Recent United States Supreme Court Decision
Establishing a Commercial Bus Interdiction Detail
Review of Ticketing Information and System
Encounters Conducted on the Bus
Encounters Conducted Inside the Commercial Bus Terminal
Use of a Narcotics Detection Canine
Case Law
Key Terms
Drug Parcel Systems
What Is Drug Parcel Interdiction?
How Do We Get Started?
Training Commercial and Independent Parcel Staff
Indicators of Possible Criminal Activity
Random Examinations of Parcels
Controlled Deliveries
U.S. Postal Inspection Service Role
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)
Freight Companies
Long-Term Conspiracy Cases
Other Common Practices
Conclusion
Case Law
Key Terms
Rental Vehicle Investigations
Purpose of a Rental Vehicle Program
Contacting Management
Indicators of Possible Criminal Activity
Investigative Techniques
Canine Team
Other Information
Conclusion
Key Terms
Currency Seizures
Establishing Ownership
Origin of the Currency
Purpose of the Currency
Packaging and Transportation
Use of a Canine
Decision to Seize the Currency
Have We Forgotten Anything?
Case Law
Key Terms
Report Writing and Courtroom Testimony
Report Writing
Preparation for Court and Courtroom Testimony
Observation of a Trial
Pretrial Interview
Testimony Preparation
Your Professionalism
Testifying
Key Terms
Role of the Interdiction Supervisor
Instituting the Interdiction Program
Administrative Matters
Training
Operational Briefings
Controlled Deliveries
Preparing for the Execution of Search Warrants
Conclusion
Key Terms
Index
Biography
George S. Steffen is Captain of the Deputy Sheriffs of the Pinellas County Sheriffs in Florida and is an adjunct instructor at the Southeastern Public Safety Institute at St. Petersburg College. Samuel M. Candelaria is owner of the Law Enforcement Training Techniques and Consulting Company operating out of New Mexico.