1st Edition
Generation of Surfaces Kinematic Geometry of Surface Machining
A commonly used practice in industry is the machining of sculptured part surfaces on a multiaxis numerical control (NC) machine. While this practice is vital, it is also a costly aspect of the surface generation process. After investing more than 40 years of research into the theory of part surface generation, the author of Generation of Surfaces: Kinematic Geometry of Surface Machining considers an approach that provides optimal machining while factoring in the lowest possible cost.
This book presents the modern theory of part surface generation with a focus on kinematic geometry of part surface machining on a multiaxis (NC) machine, and introduces key methods for applying the DG/K-based approach to part surface generation. The DG/K approach is based on the results of research found in two main areas: differential geometry (DG) of surfaces, and kinematics (K) of rigid body in three-dimensional Euclidian space E3. It is an extremely powerful tool for solving a plurality of problems in mechanical/manufacturing engineering.
The text is presented in three parts: the basics, the fundamentals, and applications of part surface generation. The first part of the book provides an analytical description of part surfaces, details the principal elements of the theory of multiparametric motion of a rigid body in E3 space, and defines applied coordinate systems. The second half introduces the theory of part surface generation, and includes an analytical description of contact geometry, while the final portion illustrates the potential development of highly effective part surface generation methods.
The author illustrates the most complex features of the book with examples, explains all of the results of analysis mathematically, and uses just one set of input parameters—the design parameters of the part surface to be machined.
The book considers practical applications for part surface machining and cutting tool design. Developed for use with computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided machining (CAM), this text is useful for anyone starting work on new software packages for sculptured part surface machining on a multiaxis NC machine.
Section I Basics
Part Surfaces: Geometry
Elements of Differential Geometry of Surfaces
On the Difference between Classical Differential Geometry and Engineering Geometry of Surfaces
On the Classification of Surfaces
Principal Kinematics of Part Surface Generation
Kinematics of Sculptured Part Surface Generation
Generating Motions of the Cutting Tool
Motions of Orientation of the Cutting Tool
Relative Motions Causing Sliding of a Surface over Itself
Possible Kinematic Schemes of Part Surface Generation
Kinematics of Part Surface Machining Processes
Axodes and Pitch Surfaces in Generation of Part Surface
Examples of Implementation of the Principal Kinematic
Schemes of Part Surface Generation
Applied Coordinate Systems and Linear Transformations
Applied Coordinate Systems
Coordinate System Transformation
Useful Equations
Chains of Consequent Linear Transformations and a Closed
Loop of Consequent Coordinate Systems Transformations
Impact of the Coordinate Systems Transformations on
Fundamental Forms of the Surface
Section II Fundamentals
Geometry of Contact between a Sculptured Part Surface and
Generating Surface of the Form-Cutting Tool
Local Relative Orientation of a Part Surface and of the Cutting Tool
The First-Order Analysis: Common Tangent Plane
The Second-Order Analysis: Second Fundamental Form
The Second-Order Analysis: Planar Characteristic Images
Degree of Conformity of Two Smooth Regular Surfaces in the First Order of Tangency
Plücker Conoid: More Characteristic Curves
Feasible Types of Contact of a Part Surface P and Generating
Surface T of the Cutting Tool
Profiling of Form-Cutting Tools of Optimal Design for Machining a Given Part Surface
Profiling of the Form-Cutting Tools for Sculptured Surface
Machining
Generation of Enveloping Surfaces
Profiling of the Form-Cutting Tools for Machining Parts on
Conventional Machine Tools
Characteristic Line E of the Surface P and Generating
Surface T of the Cutting Tool
Selection of the Form-Cutting Tools of Rational Design
Form-Cutting Tools Having Continuously Changeable
Generating Surface T
Incorrect Problems in Profiling the Form-Cutting Tools
Principal Types of Problems in Profiling Form-Cutting Tools
The Geometry of the Active Part of a Cutting Tool
Transformation of the Body Bounded by the Generating Surface T into the Cutting Tool
Geometry of the Active Part of Cutting Tools in the Tool-in-Hand System
Geometry of the Active Part of Cutting Tools in the Tool-in-Use System
On the Capabilities of the Analysis of Geometry of the
Active Part of Cutting Tools
Conditions of Proper Part Surface Generation
Optimal Workpiece Orientation on the Worktable of a
Multiaxis Numerical Control (NC) Machine
Necessary and Sufficient Conditions of Proper Part Surface Generation
Global Verification of Satisfaction of the Conditions of
Proper Part Surface Generation
Accuracy of Surface Generation
Two Principal Types of Deviations of the Machined Part
Surface from the Nominal Part Surface
Local Approximation of the Contacting Part Surface P and the Generating Surface T of the Form-Cutting Tool
Calculation of the Elementary Surface Deviations
Total Displacement of the Cutting Tool with Respect to the Part Surface
Effective Reduction of the Elementary Surface Deviations
Principle of Superposition of the Elementary Surface Deviations
Section III Application
Selection of the Criterion of Optimization
Criteria of the Efficiency of Part Surface Machining
Productivity of Part Surface Machining
Interpretation of the Part Surface Generation Output as a Function of Conformity
Synthesis of the Part Surface Machining Operations
Synthesis of the Most Favorable Part Surface Generation Process: The Local Analysis
Synthesis of the Most Favorable Part Surface Generation
Process: The Regional Analysis
Synthesis of the Most Favorable Part Surface Generation Process: The Global Analysis
Rational Reparameterization of the Part Surface
Possibility of the DG/K-based CAD/CAM System for Optimal Sculptured Part Surface Machining
Major Blocks of the DG/K-based CAD/CAM System
Examples of Implementation of the DG/K-Based Method of Part Surface Generation
Machining of Sculptured Part Surfaces on a Multiaxis
Numerical Control (NC) Machine
Machining of Surfaces of Revolution
Finishing of Involute Gears
Conclusion
References
Appendices
Index
Biography
Dr. Stephen P. Radzevich is a professor of mechanical and manufacturing engineering. He received his M.Sc. in 1976, Ph.D. in 1982, and Dr.(Eng)Sc. in 1991, all in mechanical engineering. Dr. Radzevich has extensive industrial experience in gear design and manufacturing. Dr. Radzevich has spent approximately 40 years developing software, hardware, and other processes for gear design and optimization, developing numerous software packages dealing with CAD and CAM of precise gear finishing. He authored and coauthored over 30 monographs, handbooks, and textbooks, and also authored and coauthored over 250 scientific papers and holds over 220 patents on inventions in the field.
… the investigation of the problem of synthesizing of the most favorable processes of part surface generating is the main strength of the book by Dr. Radzevich. … It should be stressed here that the problems of synthesizing of something are commonly recognized as the most difficult problems in science, and in engineering in particular."
––Dr. Joseph Bukhbinder, Professor (retired), Mechanical Engineering"This is a nice systematic approach. … extremely important for scientists and engineers…"
––Professor, Dr.Sci., Ph.D. Aleksandr Yurievich Brailov, Odessa Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Ukraine