1st Edition
Structures and Architecture Beyond their Limits
Although the disciplines of architecture and structural engineering have both experienced their own historical development, their interaction has resulted in many fascinating and delightful structures. To take this interaction to a higher level, there is a need to stimulate the inventive and creative design of architectural structures and to persuade architects and structural engineers to further collaborate in this process, exploiting together new concepts, applications and challenges.
This set of book of abstracts and full paper searchable CD-ROM presents selected papers presented at the 3rd International Conference on Structures and Architecture Conference (ICSA2016), organized by the School of Architecture of the University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal (July 2016), to promote the synergy in the collaboration between the disciplines of architecture and structural engineering.
KEYNOTE LECTURES
Innovation in architectural steel
T. Boake
Bridges and viaducts between engineering and architecture
E. Siviero
Glass challenges – past, present, and future
J. O’Callaghan
Materials science, bridging the gap between architecture, architectural engineering and structural engineering
F. Veer
TECHNICAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Mini-Symposium & Special Session
New wood and bio-based construction
Overview on the structural performance of timber structures under the effects of blast loading – research and design considerations
D. Lacroix, C. Viau, D. Côté, M. Poulin, A. Lopez & G. Doudak
Wall elements made of timber andWood-Cement Compounds – building-physical properties and structural performance
D. Zwicky & N. Macchi
Slab elements made of timber andWood-Cement Compounds – structural and other performances
M. Eymard & D. Zwicky
Function and design of innovative bio-based products for the building sector
A. Falk & M. Wålinder
Beech LVL – high strength material for engineered timber structures
H. Blass, M. Frese & M. Enders-Comberg
Experimental campaign of mechanical CLT connections subjected to a combination of shear and tension forces
L. Pozza, M. Massari, M. Savoia & B. Ferracuti
Experimental analysis of a new connection system for CLT structures
A. Polastri, R. Brandner & D. Casagrande
Numerical analyses of high- and medium-rise CLT buildings braced with cores and additional shear walls
A. Polastri, L. Pozza, C. Loss & I. Smith
Bio-based structural building components grown into near net shape
F. Moser, M. Trautz, A. Beger, M. Löwer, J. Feldhusen, J. Prell, J. Reimer, A.Wormit, B. Usadel, C. Kämpfer, T. Seiler & H. Hollert
Pourable wood-cement compounds – properties, potential and challenges of a new structural material
N. Macchi & D. Zwicky
Can CLT construction help Copenhagen become world’s first carbon neutral city?
D. Horswill & T. Nielsen
Energy and seismic performance of timber buildings in Mediterranean region
A. Polastri, G. Poh’siè, I. Paradisi & J. Ratajczak
A new dissipative connection for CLT buildings
L. Marchi, D. Trutalli, R. Scotta, L. Pozza &A. Ceccotti
Everyday tectonics
Everyday tectonics? – clarification of concepts
A. Beim & M. Hvejsel
A didactic of tectonics
N. Cowee
Constructing and construing environmental sensations
I. Foged
Auxiliary architectures – the everyday potential of supplementary textile architectures
M. Hensel & D. Hensel
Tectonic transformations. Reclaiming everyday architecture
C. Bundgaard
The tectonics of recycling
U. Madsen
Investigations on cultural ecology of industrial timber construction – through tectonic understanding of new wood materials
K. Sundahl
Tensegrity systems – transferring tectonics from the extraordinary to the everyday
M. Hensel, G. Bover, J. Hoen, S. da Cunha & S. Sørensen
The ecology of urban tectonics – studied in everyday building culture of Hans Christian Hansen
A. Beim & M. Hvejsel
Performance aided assisted design
Building timber gridshells with air: Numerical simulations and technique challenges
A. Liuti, A. Pugnale & B. d’Amico
Specialised algorithms for different project stages in a post-formed timber gridshell design
S. Pone, G. Mirra, E. Pignatelli, D. Lancia & S. Colabella
Computation tools for the design of a deployable dome structure
D. Lee, O. Larsen & S. Kim
Transformable bending-active structures: Manipulating elastic deformation in kinetic and rapidly assembled structures S. Brancart, L. De Laet & N. de Temmerman
Generative material simulation: Contemporary trends in parametric structural design
J. Ripple
Advances in design and fabrication of free-form reciprocal structures
D. Parigi
The authority of the structure
The art of structure
J. Schwartz
National technical library Prague – building as a technical textbook
O. Hofmeister
How to re-open the black box in the structural design of complex geometries
K. Verbeeck, L. Loos, L. De Laet & L. Muller
Trended structures – on the authority of the load-bearing structure
N. Graber & C. Steiger
Homage – source of inspiration
M. Schlaich
Reinforced ice structures: in the footsteps of Da Vinci and Candela
Historical development of structural ice
A. Pronk, N. Vasiliev & J. Belis
Compressive strength of ice and cellulose-ice composite
P.J.S. Cruz & J. Belis
Technical installations to enable the construction of the “Juuka in ice” project 2016
J. van den Elzen
Design of Da Vinci’s bridge in ice
A. Pronk, R. Blok, M. van Brunschot, A. van Lier, F. van de Mortel, K.Williams, M. Arntz, L. Hermens, R. Koekkoek &T. van den Nieuwenhof
Reinforced ice structures: In the footsteps of Candela
J. Belis, B. Ronsse, K. Martens, B. van Lancker, P.J.S. Cruz & G. Deruyter
On-site geometrical measurements of an experimental ice composite shell through TLS and photogrammetry
G. Deruyter, K. Fransen, H. Glas & J. Belis
Teaching architecture in full scale – wood
Models in 1:1 – a powerful education and research tool for bridging the gap between architects and engineers
O. Popovic-Larsen
From best practices to tactical design
P. Tidwell
Phases of intensive design and build workshops in architectural education
P. Aalto & S. Rintala
Learn-by-making and its role in architectural education – examples from Sweden and Australia
D. Bylund
Full scale in four months – objectives, methods and results
J. Siem, B. Braaten & A. Gilberg
Teaching architecture in full scale – regional materials
Material, structure, tectonics: The power of full scale in the education of architects
U. Meister & C. Rist-Stadelmann
Constructing things for constructing other things
T. Berlemont
An inclusive aesthetic approach to full scale building
N. Haarsaker & G. Brenk
Learning at the scale of “real life”. New pedagogical ideas for teaching architecture
M. Spaan
Building culture written into the landscape – how to read spatial tradition
J. Borucka
Listening to the material. An intuitive approach to the knowledge ofconstruction materials
R. Farré
Didactic concepts within teaching architecture in one to one scale – two cases
F. Hakonsen, M.Waagaard, A. Gilberg & J. Siem
Beyond disciplines
Shared parameters: Interfaces of collaborative exchange
J. Ripple
AECO:Web based collaborative digital design
M. Naugle
Interdisciplinary synergy
R. Roesling & B. Nuttall
Blurring boundaries through interdisciplinary engagement
M. Mistur
On the tectonics in architecture
Heinz Hossdorf: The innovation of “mixed rims” in the thin concrete shells of modern architecture
P. Cassinello
The “question of the technique”: From the designing idea to the realized form
R. Panei, P. Trovalusci & A. Tinelli
Structural design and aesthetics of infrastructures in natural and artificial environments
M. Pasca
Foldable geometries for architectural applications: Tectonics and material expression
K. Liapi, A. Ioannidi & E. Spyridonos
Revisiting the form finding techniques of Sergio Musmeci: The bridge over the Basento river
P. Magrone, G. Tomasello, S. Adriaenssens, S. Gabriele & V. Varano
A two-stage approach for the design of grid shells
E. Grande, M. Imbimbo & V. Tomei
Three-dimensional lower-bound analysis of masonry structures
P. Foti, A. Fraddosio, N. Lepore & M. Piccioni
Structure and form. Changes of state in architecture – from modern to contemporary
A. Russo
General Contributions
Building envelopes
New equipment for new technology: Fixing systems for thin, Textile Reinforced Concrete façades
M. Roik
Mashrabiya reinvented: Double façades, Persian Gulf style
T. Boake
Reconstruction of roof decks of large roofs as a result of a synergy between technical and architectural solutions
V. Tichomirov, K. Landl & D. Beˇckovský
Façade modernisation for retrofitting existing buildings to achieve nearly zero energy buildings
S. Zuhaib, M. Hajdukiewicz, M. Keane & J. Goggins
Structural laminated bamboo passive house
M. Taylor
Application of simple surface climate models for modelling mould growth on wooden façades
T. Thiis, I. Burud, D. Kraniotis & L. Gobakken
An oak composite thermal dynamic envelope
I. Foged & A. Pasold
External musculature: The façade in the works of Ignacio Álvarez Castelao
P. Cueto
Understanding the complexities of building physics and human behaviour in achieving a nearly zero energy building
P. Moran M. Hajdukiewicz & J. Goggins
Thermal behaviour of reinforced concrete and brick masonry structures. A case study
M. Molina-Huelva, A. Barrios-Padura & P. Fernández-Ans
Computer and experimental methods
Designing a slender footbridge based on a passive control algorithm
J. Jiménez-Alonso, A. Díaz &A. Sáez
Free form surfaces construction with precast pieces and minimum formwork
P. Vegas & A. Bernabeu
Genetically enhanced parametric design in the exploration of architectural solutions
P. von Buelow
Dynamic analysis of a modern cable-stayed footbridge
J. Dulinska & I. Murzyn
Optimization of stadium roof structure using force density method
M. Uroš, P. Gidak & D. Lazarevi´c
Concept architectural buildings/Futuristic structures
Sun, sea, sand and architectural structures
R. Rahman & M. Daud
Rotoreliefs, definitively unfinished: From constructivism experiences to his legacy in progress, 1915–1998
C. García
Concrete and masonry structures
The structure of the external lift at the Port of Ribadeo, Galicia, Spain
J. Valcárcel
Form and structure in the Cathedral of Cuzco
H. Rodríguez-Camilloni
Assessment of masonry buildings subjected to landslide by Strut-and-Tie Models
F. Palmisano &A. Elia
Beyond the funicular: Exploiting untapped potentials in masonry construction
E. Jannasch
Graphical methods for the design of masonry arches: The case of Luis Moya Blanco’s Nuestra Señora de la Araucana in Madrid, 1972
L. Todisco, S. Rojo & C. Fivet
Influence of the wall shape on the collapse of arch-wall systems
D. Aita, R. Barsotti & S. Bennati
Prefabricated planar elements for reinforced brick shells
A. Pick, S. Schäfer & J. Reising
Safety assessment of masonry structures based on modern methods and technologies
C. Dragomir, M. Calin, S. Purdoiu, A. Virsta & R. Manea
In the Arabian Gulf maintenance is the key to sustainability
M. Samarai
Sustainable construction through eco-efficient ultra-high performance concrete
I. Ferdosian &A. Camões
Educating architects and structural engineers
Advanced structural understanding: Load path and structural function revised
L. Luyten
A comparative study of the physical model as a tool for structural education
L. Luyten, T. Vilquin, I. Vrouwe & E. Verstrynge
Blending structural application into architectural design studios
M. Callahan, S. Shadravan & C. Leinneweber
Architect in residence: Pursuing integrated design within engineering
T. Nees
A structuralist view of prefabrication
A. Correia, L. da Silva & V. Murtinho
Effective assignments and haptic teaching methods in architectural structure
R. Schwaen & R. Arlt
Bridge Design; Education and research in the field of integral, innovative, sustainable bridge design at TU Delft
J. Smits
Behavior of building structures: Study through models of relevant architecture
E. Fenollosa, I. Cabrera, A. Almerich & V. Llopis
In search of the lunar catenary: Teaching form-active design with lower mathematics
E. Jannasch
Drawing in the engineering design process: Learning from the first 150 years of modern engineering
E. Brito, R. Póvoas & P. Providência
Structural engineering in architectural studies at CTU Prague
M. Vavruskova & M. Pospisil
The relationship between structure, architecture, and cost of building based on conceptual design of cable-stayed footbridge
S. Skibicki
The teaching of structural engineering – a practical approach
L. Houck & T. Aurlien
Design and build studios in architectural education
S. Sandness
Inverse investigations: Material definitions of structure and space
M. Donofrio
STEM principles implementation in Building Technology education at Texas universities
S. Toker-Beeson & R. Azari
Forces frozen: Hands-on exploration of structural ice shells
C. Fivet & C. Mueller
Tectonics in the study abroad design studio
S. Milovanovic-Bertram
A survey of structures education in North American schools of architecture
R. Dermody, D. Oakley & M. Uihlein
Crossing boundaries: Blurring the lines between engineers and architects
K. Dong & T. Fowler
Sketching as thinking: Structural concepts and design
M. Dunn
A freehand method for analyzing certain spatial porticoes almost accurately
A. Lacort
Emerging technologies
Systematic case study on energy efficiency of existing Irish buildings using BIM in order to achieve nearly zero energy standards
T. Ganguly, M. Hajdukiewicz, M. Keane & J. Goggins
Combining structural Topology Optimization and Big Area Additive Manufacturing – a case study
N. Nikolov & K. Fletcher
Glass structures
The behaviour of Fire Resistant glass under fire
K. Machalická, M. Charvátová, M. Eliášová & P. Kuklík
Durability of linear adhesive cold-formed steel-glass connections
B. Van Lancker,W. De Corte & J. Belis
System safety of statically indeterminate glass beams after failure
K. Martens, R. Caspeele & J. Belis
Developing the bundled glass column
F. Oikonomopoulou, F. Veer, T. Bristogianni & R. Nijsse
A scientifically valid approach for determining the design strength and safety factor for Heat Strengthened glass
F. Veer
Lateral and torsional stability of hybrid steel-glass beams
I. Pravdová & M. Eliášová
Innovative architectural and structural design
Optimization methodology for cross-section size in moment-resisting frame design
J. Xu, X. Lu & B. Spencer
Pedestrian bridge as public art: Detailing in exposed steel
T. Boake
Integrated complex shell structures made up of effectively transformed flat folded sheets
J. Abramczyk
Bending-active structures: A parametric analysis on decoding structural behavior and capacity
K. Alexandrou & M. Phocas
Innovative structural system consisting of CFT columns and precast concrete beams
L. Bezerra, A. El Debs & M. El Debs
Bionic patterns in architectural structures
N. Nawari &T. Chichugova
Is there a future for fabric-formed concrete structures?
R. Schmitz
Sarajevo University library architectural and structural concept
A.Paši´c, M. Hrasnica & F. Biberki´c
Early-stage integration of architectural and structural performance in a parametric multi-objective design tool
N. Brown, J. Ochsendorf, C. Mueller & J. de Oliveira
The new MAAT in Lisbon. Using old methods to design contemporary architectural solutions
E. Brito & R. Furtado
Structural system concept for twisted buildings
M. Piekarski
Integrating engineering and architecture
S. Smith
An eco-friendly approach for enhancing rural archaeological heritage in Romania
S. Bica, M. T˘am˘a¸san & C. M˘ar˘acineanu
Externally post-tensioned structures: Validation through physical models
L. Todisco & C. Mueller
Topology optimization of photovoltaic panels as a factor in shaping structural system and architectural form
R. Tarczewski & M. ´ Swie˛ciak
‘COCOON’ a bamboo building with integration of digital design and low-tech construction
L. Hansen & S. Kim
Studies in 3D topologies: Structural morphologies and grid shell structures
I. Lochner
Micro-mega – nature inspired structural patterns for tall buildings: Modeling, analysis, design
G. Montuori, G. Perrella, M. Fraldi & E. Mele
Lightweight and membrane structures
A simplified and robust material model for fabrics used in membrane structures
J. Pargana & V. Leitão
The newWarner Stand at Lord’s Cricket Ground: Innovative fabric roof structures
S. Smith, A. Lerpiniere,W. Whitby, M. Trousdell & R. Zara
Lightweight modular membrane structures for various applications
S. Gellin & R. Tarczewski
A case study for the use of structural textile cables in building
M. Brocato & R. Zarcone
Steel and composite structures
New roles of the structure in the refurbishment of the architectural heritage: The MediaLab-Prado project
J. Rey Rey & P.Vegas
Structural design challenges
Bearing structure of a multi layered stone façade in cantilever of a 5 story residence in Athens
M. Kyriazis
A yoga analogy in structural behaviour: Understanding versus computation
J. Bernabeu & A. Bernabeu
Lightweight steel intensive solutions for over-roofing of existing residential buildings
A. Floricel, V. Ungureanu & M. Georgescu
Tall buildings
Wind tunnel tests around bluff-bodies of circular base to optimize space grid envelope structures for high-rise steel buildings
R. Señís
An engineer reads. Interpreting the Citylife Tower RdD1 structural design process through an essay of Italo Calvino
E. Brito & R. Furtado
Comparative evaluation of diagrid and braced tube structures for tall buildings
K. Moon
Façade integrated structural damping systems for tall buildings
K. Moon
The borderline between architecture and structural engineering When structure and architecture are interdependent
M. Sanvitto
New orders, in search of a new point-block diagram for Hong Kong
O. Ottevaere
Structure as power: The case of the Matosinhos Market, Portugal, 1936–1953
J. Delgado & P. Pinto
Architectural vs. structural constraints in urban multi-hazard safety assessment
E. Georgescu, C. Gociman, I. Craifaleanu, T. Florescu, M. Georgescu & C. Moscu
Railway stations – the borderline between architecture and structure
E. Kido
The physical model in the structural studies of Robert Le Ricolais: “apparatus” or “hierogram”
M. Vrontissi
Holistic integration versus separation and fragmentation in architecture
D. Bijedic, R. Cahtarevic & S. Halilovic
Formal and structural multiplicity in early truss design
M. Rinke
New formal expectations. The dynamic alternative between the evident and the disturbing
F. Suárez
The history of the relationship between architects and structural engineers
A study on the conservation of operating historical bridges – recent experiences in Japan
H. Isohata
Technological changes and architecture: The case of APCER magazine, Portugal 1935–45
P. Pinto & J. Delgado
Claiming ground: The first structural engineering license in the United States
M. Uihlein
Structural documentation of the Palace of Congress in Brasília
J. Sánchez & E. da Silva
Collaboration between architects and structural engineers: A history of major successes and major failures
J. Rey Rey
Building modelling in historical perspective
R. Tarczewski
The tectonic of architectural solutions
Carlo Scarpa and the search for gravity
A. Schultz
Tectonic thinking on housing of modern architecture: Mies van der Rohe vs Alison and Peter Smithson
A. Rodrigues & P. Baía
Re-envisioning the Knot: The Neil Astle House
B. Wrightsman
From Seia to Guimarães. Fernando Távora’s tectonic shift in the Sacor fuel stations
E. Fernandes
Tectonics and landscape: The structure of ground and atmosphere
M. Laboy
Tectonic approaches in the design of concrete architecture in postwar Italy
L. Ingold & M. Rinke
Appropriate building physics in relation to the tectonic of architectural quality
C. Kristensen
Recovering a broader understanding of tectonics. The case for the architectural potentials of sheet metal
J. Holst & O. Jackson
Le Corbusier’s Maison Dom-ino and John Habraken’s supports: Differences and similarities
H. Ferreira, L. da Silva & V. Murtinho
Timber structures
Development of roofing grid structures with an orthogonal grid from glulam timber
D. Loktev, I. Inzhutov, P. Melnikov, S. Deordiev & V. Zhadanov
Mass timber high-rise design, cost and schedule research: Competitive advantages of wood over concrete
A. Jacobs, M. Timmers, J. Sundnes & A. Baker
Structural performance of multi-story Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) buildings
I. Lukacs & A. Björnfot
The conceptual design of hybrid structures – theoretical and experimental research of external prestressed timber beams
S. Miljanovi´c & M. Zlatar
Hybrid wood-based structural systems for multi-storey buildings
C. Loss, M. Piazza & R. Zandonini
Contrasting approaches to load-bearing timber structures
A. Gianoli & R. Furrer
Author index
Biography
Paulo J.S. Cruz is Full Professor of Construction and Technology at the School of Architecture of the University of Minho. He is President of IDEGUI - Design Institute of Guimarães and Director of Lab2PT - Landscape, Heritage and Territory Laboratory as well as Head of studies on Product Design. He was President of the School of Architecture of the University of Minho (2004-2011) and Head of the Civil Engineering Department of the University of Minho (2003 & 2004).
He graduated in Civil Engineering (1987) and received an MSc in Structural Engineering from the University of Porto, Portugal (1991) and obtained his PhD in Civil Engineering from the Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain (1995). Since 1987 he has conducted research in the domain of special structures. After his PhD he started in the field of “Steel and Composite Structures”, progressively devoting his research interests to the area of bridges, particularly concerning safety, inspection, assessment and monitoring.
Since his involvement with the School of Architecture, he has bridged the gap between architecture and structural engineering, promoting the efficient use of the traditional materials and their judicious combination; exploring innovative technological, constructional and structural solutions and establishing effective collaborations with the construction industry.