Solve Complex Ground and Foundation Problems
Presenting more than 25 years of teaching and working experience in a wide variety of centrifuge testing, the author of Centrifuge Modelling for Civil Engineers fills a need for information about this field. This text covers all aspects of centrifuge modelling. Expertly explaining the basic principles, the book makes this technique accessible to practicing engineers and researchers.
Appeals to Non-Specialists and Specialists Alike
Civil engineers that are new to the industry can refer to this material to solve complex geotechnical problems. The book outlines a generalized design process employed for civil engineering projects. It begins with the basics, and then moves on to increasingly complex methods and applications including shallow foundations, retaining walls, pile foundations, tunnelling beneath existing pile foundations, and assessing the stability of buildings and their foundations following earthquake-induced soil liquefaction. It addresses the use of modern imaging technique, data acquisition, and modelling techniques. It explains the necessary signal processing tools that are used to decipher centrifuge test data, and introduces the reader to the specialist aspects of dynamic centrifuge modelling used to study dynamic problems such as blast, wind, or wave loading with emphasis on earthquake engineering including soil liquefaction problems.
- Introduces the equipment and instrumentation used in centrifuge testing
- Presents in detail signal processing techniques such as smoothing and filtering
- Provides example centrifuge data that can be used for sample analysis and interpretation
Centrifuge Modelling for Civil Engineers
effectively describes the equipment, instrumentation, and signal processing techniques required to make the best use of the centrifuge modelling and test data. This text benefits graduate students, researchers, and practicing civil engineers involved with geotechnical issues.Modern geotechnical engineering design in civil engineering
Introduction
Complex role of geotechnical engineers
Role of centrifuge modelling
Need for numerical and physical modelling
Introduction
Use of numerical modelling in foundation design
Need for physical modelling
Benefits of centrifuge modelling
Benefits of numerical modelling
Complementarity of centrifuge modelling and numerical modelling
Summary
Uniform circular motion
Introduction
Uniform circular motion
Basic definitions: centripetal and centrifugal forces
Use of polar coordinates in uniform circular motion
Coriolis force and Euler force
Summary
Principles of centrifuge modelling
Introduction to centrifuge modelling
Principles of centrifuge modelling
Concepts of a field structure, prototype and the centrifuge model
Scaling laws in centrifuge modelling
Modelling of models
Summary
Examples
Geotechnical centrifuges: Some design considerations
Introduction to geotechnical centrifuges
Beam centrifuges
Drum centrifuges
Summary
Errors and limitations in centrifuge modelling
Introduction
Variation in gravity field
Radial gravity field
Particle size effects
Strain rate effects
Coriolis accelerations
Summary
Centrifuge equipment
Model containers
Model preparation techniques
In-flight actuators
In-flight soil characterization techniques
Summary
Centrifuge instrumentation
Introduction
Types of instruments
Deformation measurement
Summary
Centrifuge data acquisition systems
Introduction
Analog to digital conversion
Fundamentals of digital data logging
Time and frequency domains
Signal-to-noise ratio
Aliasing and Nyquist frequency
Filtering
Summary
Shallow foundations
Introduction
Bearing capacity of shallow foundations
Modelling of a shallow foundation in a laboratory
Centrifuge modelling of shallow foundations
Modelling of models
Summary
Retaining walls
Introduction
Retaining wall models at laboratory scale
Simulating retaining walls in a centrifuge
Centrifuge testing of cantilever retaining walls
Anchored retaining walls
Centrifuge testing of L-shaped walls
Centrifuge modelling of propped walls
Summary
Pile foundations
Introduction
Laboratory testing of pile foundations
Centrifuge modelling of pile foundations
Centrifuge modelling of pile installation
Centrifuge modelling of laterally loaded piles
Centrifuge modelling of tension piles
Negative skin friction in piles
Large-diameter monopiles
Summary
Modelling the construction sequences
Advanced centrifuge modelling
Construction sequence modelling
Modelling of staged excavations in front of a retaining wall
Modelling the interaction between a retaining wall and a building
Influence of diaphragm walls on a pile foundation
Modelling of propped retaining wall
Tunneling below an existing pile foundation
Tunneling below existing pipelines
Tunneling below a masonry structure
Summary
Dynamic centrifuge modelling
Modelling of dynamic events
Dynamic scaling laws
Discrepancies between general and dynamic scaling laws
Earthquake simulation in centrifuges
Saturation of centrifuge models
Centrifuge modelling of the dynamic soil-structure interaction problems
Centrifuge modelling of liquefaction problems
Summary
References
Biography
Dr Gopal Madabhushi is a professor of civil engineering at the University of Cambridge, UK and the director of the Schofield Centre. He has over 25 years of experience in the area of soil dynamics and earthquake engineering. His expertise extends from dynamic centrifuge modelling to the time domain finite element analyses of earthquake engineering problems, and has an active interest in the areas of soil liquefaction, soil-structure interaction, and liquefaction-resistant measures and their performances. Among other works he authored the geotechnical chapters in the book Seismic Design of buildings to Eurocode 8 (also published by Taylor & Francis).
"The author, who is the current Director of the Schofield Centre, has summarised his experience of over 25 years and the wealth of knowledge in this specialist area accumulated at that institution into this book. Traditionally imparted exclusively for institutions with research centres of excellence in centrifuge modelling, this book makes this knowledge and know-how of modern geotechnical centrifuge modelling technology readily accessible to the wider civil engineering community… graduate students would find it an essential reference when embarking on their centrifuge modelling research. Practicing engineers who wish to learn about centrifuge modelling or who are about to launch into solving complex geotechnical problems would find this book readable and informative. Certainly, a worthwhile investment…"
—Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers"This book will be very useful for research students. In most of the other books, very few topics are covered related to centrifuge modelling. However, in this book, a lot of important topics such as basic principles, limitation of centrifuge modelling, sample preparation, in-flight sample property determination, data acquisition, and applications in various areas are discussed. In this respect, the book is a complete package to researchers in this area as well as civil engineers who are keen to learn advanced physical modelling techniques."
—Dr. Pradipta Chakrabortty, Indian Institute of Technology Patna"It is written in an engaging and accessible manner that will be particularly useful in making non-specialists aware of the benefits and applicability of centrifuge modelling to problems of geotechnics and soil-structure interaction. In this way, I believe it will play an important role in increasing the visibility of the technique and its use by the civil engineering industry."
—Jonathan Knappett, University of Dundee, UK