Donald Shoup brilliantly overcame the challenge of writing about parking without being boring in his iconoclastic 800-page book The High Cost of Free Parking. Easy to read and often entertaining, the book showed that city parking policies subsidize cars, encourage sprawl, degrade urban design, prohibit walkability, damage the economy, raise housing costs, and penalize people who cannot afford or choose not to own a car. Using careful analysis and creative thinking, Shoup recommended three parking reforms: (1) remove off-street parking requirements, (2) charge the right prices for on-street parking, and (3) spend the meter revenue to improve public services on the metered streets.
Parking and the City reports on the progress that cities have made in adopting these three reforms. The successful outcomes provide convincing evidence that Shoup’s policy proposals are not theoretical and idealistic but instead are practical and realistic. The good news about our decades of bad planning for parking is that the damage we have done will be far cheaper to repair than to ignore. The 51 chapters by 46 authors in Parking and the City show how reforming our misguided and wrongheaded parking policies can do a world of good.
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Preface
Introduction
PART I. REMOVE OFF-STREET PARKING REQUIREMENTS
Chapter 1. Truth in Transportation Planning
Donald Shoup
Chapter 2. People, Parking, and Cities
Michael Manville and Donald Shoup
Chapter 3. The High Cost of Parking Requirements
Donald Shoup
Chapter 4. The Unequal Burden of Parking Requirements
Donald Shoup
Chapter 5. Parking Mismanagement: An Rx for Congestion
Rachel Weinberger
Chapter 6. The United States of Parking
Seth Goodman
Chapter 7. The Fiscal and Travel Consequences of Parking Requirements
Chris McCahill, Norman Garrick, and Carol Atkinson-Palombo
Chapter 8. The Environmental Impacts of Parking Lots
Emma Kirkpatrick, Amélie Davis, and Brian Pijanowski
Chapter 9. Parking and Affordable Housing in San Francisco
Wenyu Jia and Martin Wachs
Chapter 10. The Unintended Consequences of New York City’s Parking Requirements
Simon McDonnell and Josiah Madar
Chapter 11. The High Cost of Bundled Parking
C.J. Gabbe and Gregory Pierce
Chapter 12. Parking Policy in Asian Cities
Paul Barter
Chapter 13. Parking Infrastructure and the Environment
Mikhail Chester, Arpad Horvath, and Samer Madanat
Chapter 14. The Parking Glut in Los Angeles
Andrew Fraser, Mikhail Chester, and Juan Matute
Chapter 15. Less Off-Street Parking, More Mexico City
Rodrigo Garcia Resendiz and Andres Sañudo Gavaldon
Chapter 16. From Parking Minimums to Parking Maximums in London
Zhan Guo
Chapter 17. Putting a Cap on Parking Requirements
Donald Shoup
Chapter 18. Parking Requirements and Housing Development
Michael Manville
Chapter 19. Parking Reforms Made Easy
Richard Willson
Chapter 20. Parking Management for Smart Growth
Richard Willson
Chapter 21. On-Street Parking Management vs. Off-Street Parking Requirements
Donald Shoup
Chapter 22. Abolishing Parking Requirements: A Guide for Practitioners
Patrick Siegman
Chapter 23. Buffalo Abandons Parking Requirements
Daniel Hess
Chapter 24. Solar Parking Requirements
Donald Shoup
PART II. CHARGE MARKET PRICES FOR ON-STREET PARKING
Chapter 25. Cruising for Parking
Donald Shoup
Chapter 26. Free Parking or Free Markets
Donald Shoup
Chapter 27. Informal Parking on Sidewalks
Donald Shoup
Chapter 28. Progressive Parking Prices
Michael Klein
Chapter 29. Progressive Parking Fines
Donald Shoup
Chapter 30. Disabled Parking Abuse
Michael Manville and Jonathan Williams
Chapter 31. Ending the Abuse of Disabled Parking Placards
Donald Shoup
Chapter 32. Ending Disabled Placard Abuse at Parking Meters: The Two-Tier Solution
Donald Shoup and Fernando Torres-Gil
Chapter 33. Parking Charity
Donald Shoup
Chapter 34. Popular Parking Meters
Donald Shoup
Chapter 35. Parking Limits: Lessons from parking Demand Management in Berkeley
Elizabeth Deakin
Chapter 36. SFpark
Jay Primus
Chapter 37. SFpark: Pricing Parking by Demand
Gregory Pierce and Donald Shoup
Chapter 38. Did SFpark Work?
Michael Manville and Daniel Chatman
Chapter 39. Cruising for Parking: Lessons from SFpark
Adam Millard-Ball, Rachel Weinberger, and Robert Hampshire
Chapter 40. Optimizing the Use of Public Garages: Pricing Parking by Demand
Gregory Pierce, Hank Willson, and Donald Shoup
Chapter 41. LA Express Park
Peer Ghent
Chapter 42. The Politics and Economics of Parking on Campus
Donald Shoup
Chapter 43. Cashing Out Employer-Paid Parking
Donald Shoup
PART III. PARKING BENEFIT DISTRICTS
Chapter 44. Parking Matters in Old Pasadena
Douglas Kolozsvari and Donald Shoup
Chapter 45. Revitalizing a Downtown with Smart Parking Policies
Dan Zack
Chapter 46. Paid Parking and Free Wi-Fi in Ventura
Thomas Mericle
Chapter 47. A Parking Benefit District Grows in Houston
Maria Irshad
Chapter 48. The Benefits of Parking Benefit Districts in Austin
Leah Bojo
Chapter 49. Parking Benefit Districts in Mexico City
Rodrigo Garcia Resendiz and Andres Sañudo Gavaldon
Chapter 50. Parking Benefit Districts in Beijing
Donald Shoup, Quan Yuan, and Xin Jiang
Chapter 51. Parking Benefit Districts in Residential Neighborhoods
Donald Shoup
Epilogue
Biography
Donald Shoup, FAICP, is Distinguished Research Professor of Urban Planning in the Luskin School of Public Affairs at the University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
"This book is a well-crafted and appropriate follow-up to Shoup’s original theoretical bombshell, updating its content for a new political climate and policy sector receptiveness to parking reform relative to that of over 15 years prior… Shoup’s sustained energy for and embrace of the field suggest we are likely to see new drives to progress the work further. Certainly, Parking and the City symbolizes something of a ‘coming-of-age’ for progressive parking research, revealing how far 21st century attitudes to and frameworks of urban parking have transformed and how they now sit within a new political landscape." –Planning Theory and Practice, 2019, Vol. 20, No. 3, Review by Rebecca Clements
"In his landmark book, The High Cost of Free Parking, Donald Shoup, FAICP, argued that reducing subsidies for parking would reduce air pollution and traffic congestion as well as improve land use... In a follow-up book, Parking and the City, Shoup and 46 other contributors examined the results of these reforms in practice and found important benefits for cities, the economy, and the environment."
-American Planning Association"In recognizing Shoup's decades-long work to improve transportation and land use by reforming cities' parking policies, the American Planning Association placed him among other well-known authors including Rachel Carson and Jane Jacobs."
-UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs"Shoup's writing is as incisive and entertaining as ever. The imperative of parking reform—in a year of wildfires, floods, and transit systems choking on lack of revenue and riders—has never been clearer. Parking and the City is a perfect follow up to a classic work."
-Planetizen"For those who seek to manage and reform parking—and for urban planners, developers, transportation specialists, and policymakers—Parking and the City is an indispensable resource."
-Public Square: A CNU Journal"Don Shoup has done more to revolutionize the way we think about parking than anybody on the planet. His latest book tells the story of the impact his ideas are having on the subject. It is a must read for anybody who cares about the future of our cities."
-Michael Dukakis, Distinguished Professor of Political Science, Northeastern University, USA"Parking and the City then, achieves on several levels. While the book freely admits that parking is
in no way one of the most ‘glamourous’ or interesting issues for consideration by planners and urban designers, the volume nevertheless approaches the subject in a highly lucid and engaging way. The arguments presented in the first and second sections do good work at turning the established assumptions of planning instruments and city economics related to parking on their head, highlighting the hidden inequalities within. The book also delivers well in its suggestions for how interested readers might advocate for ‘something better’ in parking in their own towns and cities."
-Michael Kordas, University of Glasgow"Ultimately, Parking and the City ably meets its objectives to provide, in a single volume, a compendium of the latest insights on parking management, curated by the world's leading parking scholar. The book could readily be used by practitioners seeking clear evidence supporting the reforms they seek to implement, and it would also function well as a textbook for a parking policy class."
-Andrew Mondschein, University of Virginia"Scoup's writing is as incisive and entertaining as ever. The imperative of parking reform - in a year of wildfires, floods, and transit systems choking on lack of revenue and riders - has never been clearer. Parking and the City is a perfect follow up to a classic work."
-Planetizen's Top 10 Urban Planning Books - 2018"Parking and the City is a valuable contribution to a field that has been greatly shaped by Shoup himself. Shoup’s intention is to provide a shorter and updated version of his prior work, a volume that combines policy arguments like those found in The High Cost of Free Parking with real-world examples of the sort of parking policy decisions that are made every day by city councils and municipal governments. Shoup has achieved that goal. Parking and the City is an accessible, interesting, and comprehensive treatment of parking policy that will provide the general reader with a sound understanding of parking policy as it stands in the United States today."
-Eric Childress, George Mason University